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Hou Yifan ( ) (born 27 February 1994, Xinghua, Jiangsu, China)〔(Profile ), China Chess League〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=chesspawn.net )〕 is a Chinese chess grandmaster and former chess prodigy. She is a former two time Women's World Chess Champion, the youngest ever to win the title, as well as the youngest female player ever to qualify for the title of Grandmaster. At the age of 12, Hou became the youngest player ever to participate in the FIDE Women's World Championship (Yekaterinburg 2006) and the Chess Olympiad (Torino 2006).〔(Newsmakers, Beijing Review ) PEOPLE/POINTS NO.40, 2008〕 In June 2007, she became China's youngest National Women's Champion ever. She achieved the titles of Woman FIDE Master in January 2004, Woman Grandmaster in January 2007, and Grandmaster in August 2008. In 2010, she became the youngest Women's World Chess Champion in history by winning the Women's World Championship in Hatay, Turkey at age 16. She lost her title in 2012 but regained it in 2013. In the August 2014 FIDE rating list she became the third woman to ever enter the world top 100 rankings (after Judit Polgár and Maia Chiburdanidze). As of December 2015, she is ranked as the No. 1 female player, and the no. 59 player overall. She forfeited her world title by declining to contest it in early 2015, but having won the FIDE Grand Prix 2014 has qualified to challenge world champion Mariya Muzychuk to a ten-game World Championship match in 2016.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hou Yifan and Ju Wenjun are the winners of Grand Prix in Sharjah )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mariya Muzychuk is the 15th World Champion )〕 ==Career== Hou started playing chess regularly at the age of six, but was already fascinated by the game when she was three years old. Hou's father, Hou Xuejian, a magistrate, often took his young daughter to a bookstore after dinner. He noticed that the little girl liked to stare at glass chess pieces behind the window. He later bought his daughter her first chess set. The 3-year-old was able to beat her father and grandmother after a few weeks. In 1999, her father engaged a chess mentor, IM Tong Yuanming, for his 5-year-old daughter. Tong later said that Hou was an unusual talent, showing "strong confidence, distinguished memory, calculating ability and fast reaction".〔 In 2003, Hou played against the chief coach of the Chinese National men's and women's chess teams, Ye Jiangchuan, for the first time. The chess master was surprised that the 9-year-old could identify almost all of his weak moves. "Then I knew she was an exceptional genius", Ye said. That year, Hou became the youngest member of the national team and won first place at the World Youth Championship for girls under age ten. In June 2007, she became China's youngest ever national champion.〔 She was admitted to the National Chess Center, an academy for young talented players from all over the country,〔WWCC 2006 Ekaterinburg, Russia. (Hou Yifan: "Dreaming of a house in Paris" ), wwcc2006.fide.com, 22 March 2006〕 in Beijing when she was ten,〔(Biography of Yifan Hou ). V. Marx György Memorial, 4–15 August 2007 Paks, Hungary.〕 with leading Chinese grandmasters Ye Jiangchuan and Yu Shaoteng as her trainers.〔(Interview at the Women's World Chess Championship 2006 by the tournament's organisers ); accessed March 24, 2006.〕 In order to better support her chess career, her family relocated to Beijing in 2003. Hou's mother, a former nurse, accompanies her daughter on the international tournament circuit.〔 Hou is homeschooled〔 and lists her interests as reading and studying, and her favorite chess player as Bobby Fischer.〔〔 Her mother Wang Qian accompanied her to many the international tournaments when she was young. Chess writer Leonard Barden has said that she could rival Judit Polgár as the best ever female player. Of her own career, Hou said in 2007: "I took up chess because I was fascinated by the pieces – I just liked it. In the future, I want to be a professional chess player or maybe study to be a doctor".〔("Chess grandmaster Hou, 13, is no square!" ), by Adrian Butler, ''Liverpool Echo'', 4 September 2007〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hou Yifan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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